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 | | From: | Trevor Wilson | | Subject: | Re: Smoke bans at the beach | | Date: | Mon, 24 Jan 2005 02:12:29 GMT |
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 | "Bernd Felsche" wrote in message news:5f0ec2x77j.ln2@innovative.iinet.net.au... > "Trevor Wilson" writes: >>"Bernd Felsche" wrote in message >>news:c4tdc2xrmi.ln2@innovative.iinet.net.au... >>> "Trevor Wilson" writes: >>>>"B J Foster" wrote in message >>>>news:41F41BE6.7020203@yahoo.com... >>>>> Mike Price wrote: >>>>>> On Mon, 24 Jan 2005 00:57:55 +1000, Jacques Guy >>>>>> wrote: >>> >>>>>> Why the hell would anyone lie about this? If car fumes bothered us so >>>>>> much surely we would complain about them as well. Are we supposed to >>>>>> not really be bothered by cigarette smoke but just have some strange >>>>>> personal vendetta against smokers or something? > >>>>> Car exhaust contains colourless, odourless and DEADLY carbon-monoxide. > >>>>**Point: > >>>>Modern, PROPERLY maintained automobiles emit so little CO, that it is >>>>virtually impossible to die by inhaling the exhaust. > >>> Go on then; try it! > >>> The CO2 in the exhaust will kill you unless you get enough oxygen; >>> which the CO2 from motor vehicles will *displace*. > >>**Nice try. We're discussing CO, not CO2. > > CO2 is part of "car fumes". CO2 is colourless, odourless and DEADLY. > So "inhaling the exhaust" for long enough will kill you. And by long > enough; it's a matter of minutes.
**Indeed. However, just to remind you: We're discussing CO, not CO2. Further, can you tell me how much O2 is left in the exhaust, after combustion in a typical, modern, properly tuned automobile? Also, how much CO2 is left in the exhaust after combustion in a typical, modern, properly tuned automobile?
After we know these answers, we can determine if the exhaust gases would, indeed, kill a person.
I do not have the figures to hand, but I would wager that there is sufficient O2 left and insufficient CO2, after combustion, to suffocate a human. I reiterate: I do not have any data to support this argument.
-- Trevor Wilson www.rageaudio.com.au
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 | | From: | Mark Addinall | | Subject: | Re: Smoke bans at the beach | | Date: | Mon, 24 Jan 2005 02:59:29 GMT |
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-- I'm too poor to have a .sig addinall@addinall.org "Trevor Wilson" wrote in message news:41f4598c$1@news.comindico.com.au... > > "Bernd Felsche" wrote in message > news:5f0ec2x77j.ln2@innovative.iinet.net.au... >> "Trevor Wilson" writes: >>>"Bernd Felsche" wrote in message >>>news:c4tdc2xrmi.ln2@innovative.iinet.net.au... >>>> "Trevor Wilson" writes: >>>>>"B J Foster" wrote in message >>>>>news:41F41BE6.7020203@yahoo.com... >>>>>> Mike Price wrote: >>>>>>> On Mon, 24 Jan 2005 00:57:55 +1000, Jacques Guy >>>>>>> wrote: >>>> >>>>>>> Why the hell would anyone lie about this? If car fumes bothered us >>>>>>> so >>>>>>> much surely we would complain about them as well. Are we supposed to >>>>>>> not really be bothered by cigarette smoke but just have some strange >>>>>>> personal vendetta against smokers or something? >> >>>>>> Car exhaust contains colourless, odourless and DEADLY >>>>>> carbon-monoxide. >> >>>>>**Point: >> >>>>>Modern, PROPERLY maintained automobiles emit so little CO, that it is >>>>>virtually impossible to die by inhaling the exhaust. >> >>>> Go on then; try it! >> >>>> The CO2 in the exhaust will kill you unless you get enough oxygen; >>>> which the CO2 from motor vehicles will *displace*. >> >>>**Nice try. We're discussing CO, not CO2. >> >> CO2 is part of "car fumes". CO2 is colourless, odourless and DEADLY. >> So "inhaling the exhaust" for long enough will kill you. And by long >> enough; it's a matter of minutes. > > **Indeed. However, just to remind you: We're discussing CO, not CO2. > Further, can you tell me how much O2 is left in the exhaust, after > combustion in a typical, modern, properly tuned automobile? Also, how much > CO2 is left in the exhaust after combustion in a typical, modern, properly > tuned automobile? > > After we know these answers, we can determine if the exhaust gases would, > indeed, kill a person. ABS (1998), 'Survey of Motor Vehicle Use', Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra, Australia.
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> > I do not have the figures to hand,
Now you do.
> but I would wager
How much?
> that there is sufficient O2 left and insufficient CO2, after combustion, > to suffocate a human. I reiterate: I do not have any data to support this > argument.
Try it. Have someone else document it.
Mark Addinall.
> > > -- > Trevor Wilson > www.rageaudio.com.au > > > >
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 | | From: | Trevor Wilson | | Subject: | Re: Smoke bans at the beach | | Date: | Mon, 24 Jan 2005 14:05:20 +1100 |
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 | "Mark Addinall" wrote in message news:lwZId.131556$K7.8989@news-server.bigpond.net.au... > > > -- > I'm too poor to have a .sig > addinall@addinall.org > "Trevor Wilson" wrote in message > news:41f4598c$1@news.comindico.com.au... >> >> "Bernd Felsche" wrote in message >> news:5f0ec2x77j.ln2@innovative.iinet.net.au... >>> "Trevor Wilson" writes: >>>>"Bernd Felsche" wrote in message >>>>news:c4tdc2xrmi.ln2@innovative.iinet.net.au... >>>>> "Trevor Wilson" writes: >>>>>>"B J Foster" wrote in message >>>>>>news:41F41BE6.7020203@yahoo.com... >>>>>>> Mike Price wrote: >>>>>>>> On Mon, 24 Jan 2005 00:57:55 +1000, Jacques Guy >>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>> >>>>>>>> Why the hell would anyone lie about this? If car fumes bothered us >>>>>>>> so >>>>>>>> much surely we would complain about them as well. Are we supposed >>>>>>>> to >>>>>>>> not really be bothered by cigarette smoke but just have some >>>>>>>> strange >>>>>>>> personal vendetta against smokers or something? >>> >>>>>>> Car exhaust contains colourless, odourless and DEADLY >>>>>>> carbon-monoxide. >>> >>>>>>**Point: >>> >>>>>>Modern, PROPERLY maintained automobiles emit so little CO, that it is >>>>>>virtually impossible to die by inhaling the exhaust. >>> >>>>> Go on then; try it! >>> >>>>> The CO2 in the exhaust will kill you unless you get enough oxygen; >>>>> which the CO2 from motor vehicles will *displace*. >>> >>>>**Nice try. We're discussing CO, not CO2. >>> >>> CO2 is part of "car fumes". CO2 is colourless, odourless and DEADLY. >>> So "inhaling the exhaust" for long enough will kill you. And by long >>> enough; it's a matter of minutes. >> >> **Indeed. However, just to remind you: We're discussing CO, not CO2. >> Further, can you tell me how much O2 is left in the exhaust, after >> combustion in a typical, modern, properly tuned automobile? Also, how >> much CO2 is left in the exhaust after combustion in a typical, modern, >> properly tuned automobile? >> >> After we know these answers, we can determine if the exhaust gases would, >> indeed, kill a person. > ABS (1998), 'Survey of Motor Vehicle Use', Australian Bureau of > Statistics, Canberra, Australia. > > Albright, J.F. & Goldstein, R.A. (1996), 'Airborne pollutants and the > immune system', Otolaryngology-Head-And-Neck-Surgery, Vol. 114, No. 2, > February 1996, pp. 232-238. > > Alcock, R.E., Sweetman, A.J. & Jones, K.C. (2001), 'A congener-specific > PCDD/F emissions inventory for the UK: do current estimates account for > the measured atmospheric burden', Chemosphere, Vol. 43, pp. 183-194. > > Alsberg, T., Stenberg, U., Westerholm, R., Strandell, M., Rannug, U., > Sundvall, A., Romert, L., Bernson, V., Pettersson, B., Toftgård, R., > Franzén, B., Jansson, M., Gustafsson, J.A., Egebäck, K.E. & Tejle, G. > (1985), 'Chemical charcaterization of organic material from gasoline > exhaust particles', Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 19, No. 1, > pp. 43-50. > > Austroads (2000), Roadfacts 2000 - 'An Overview of the Australian and the > New Zealand Road Systems', Austroads Incorporated, Sydney, Australia. > > Bacher, R., Riehle, U., Swerev, M. & Ballschmiter, K. (1991), 'Patterns > and levels of polyhalogenated (Br-, Cl-) dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans > in automobile traffic related samples', Chemosphere, Vol. 23, No. 8-10, > pp. 1151-1171. > > Ballschmitter, K., Buchert, H., Niemczyk, R., Munder, A. & Swerev, M. > (1986), 'Automobile exhaust versus municipal-waste incineration as a > source of the polychloro-dibenzodioxins (PCDD) and furans (PCDF) found in > the environment', Chemosphere, Vol. 15, No. 7, pp. 901-915. > > Bingham, A.G., Edmunds, C.J., Graham, B.W. & Jones, M.T. (1989), > 'Determination of PCDDs and PCDFs in car exhaust', Chemosphere, Vol. 19, > No. 1-6, pp. 669-673. > > Bremmer, H.J., Troost, L.M., Kuipers, G., De Koning, J. & Sein, A.A. > (1994), 'Emission of Dioxins in the Netherlands', RIVM, Bilthoven, TNO, > Apeldoorn, The Netherlands, Report No. 770501018. > > Bremmer (1997), 'Emissies van Dioxinen in Nederland in 1996 en 1998' > (Vertrouwelijk), RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands, Confidential Note (in > Dutch). > > Broz, J., Grabic, R., Kilián, J., Lojkásek, M., Marklund, S., Ocelka, T., > Pekárek, V., Pribyl, J., Tydlitát, V. & Vyska, J. (2000), 'The effect of > oils on PAH, PCDD, PCDF and PCB emissions from a spark engine fueled with > leaded gasoline', Chemosphere, Vol. 41, pp. 1905-1911. > > Bumb, R.R., Crummett, W.B., Cutie, S.S., Gledhill, J.R., Hummel, R.H., > Kagel, R.O., Lamparski, L.L., Luoma, E.V., Miller, D.L. & Nestrick, T.J., > Shadoff, L.A., Stehl, R.H. & Woods, S.J.S. (1980), 'Trace chemistries of > fire: a source of chlorinated dioxins', Science, Vol. 210, No. 4468, pp. > 385-390. > > Carvalhaes, G.K., Brooks, P., Azevedo, J.A.T., Azevedo, G.C., Machado, > M.C.S., Quitério, S.L., Sousa, C. & Arbilla, G. (2002), 'Determination of > PCDD/F in total suspended particules in Rio de Janeiro: A preliminary > study', Organohalogen Compounds, Vol. 56, pp. 461-463. > > Caserini, S. & Monguzzi, A.N. (2002), 'PCDD/Fs emissions inventory in the > Lombardy region: results and uncertainties', Chemosphere, (in press). > > CE-CERT (1998), 'Evaluation of Factors That Affect Diesel Exhaust > Toxicity', Center for Environmental Research and Technology, College of > Engineering, University of California, by Norbeck, J.M., Smith, M.R., > Arey, J., Kado, N. & Okamoto, B., Contract No. 94-312. Clunies-Ross, C., > Stanmore, B.R. & Millar, G.J. (1996), 'Dioxins in diesel exhaust', Nature, > Vol. 381, No. 6581, p. 379. > > De Fré, R. & Wevers, M. (1994), 'Stofdossier Dioxines', VITO, No. 941055 > (in Dutch). > > Dyke, P.H. & Stratford, J. (2002) 'Changes to the TEF schemes can have > significant impacts on regulation and management of PCDD/F and PCB', > Chemosphere, Vol. 47, pp. 103-116. > > EC (1997), 'The European Dioxin Inventory', European Commission, DGXI, by > North Rhine-Westphalia State Environment Agency, > http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/dioxin/. > > Eduljee, G.H. & Dyke, P. (1996) 'An updated inventory of potential PCDD > and PCDF emissions sources in the UK', The Science of the Total > Environment, Vol. 177, No. 1, pp. 303-321. > > Environment Canada (1999), 'Dioxins and Furans and Hexachlorobenzene - > Inventory of Releases', Environment Canada & the Federal/Provincial task > Force on Dioxins and Furans, January 1999. > > EPA (1997), 'Locating and estimating air emissions from sources of dioxins > and furans, Draft Report', US EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and > Standards, EPA Contract No. 68-D2-0160. > > Edgerton, S.A. & Czuczwa, J.M. (1989), 'Source apportionment of dioxins > and dibenzofurans in ambient air in Ohio', Receptor Models in Air > Resources Management, by Watson, J.G. (ed.), Int. Specialty Conference on > Receptor Models in Air Resources Management, San Francisco, CA, USA, Feb > 1988, pp. 59-71. > > Gertler, A.W., Sagebiel, J.C., Dippel, W.A. & Farina, R.J. (1998), > 'Measurements of dioxin and furan emission factors from heavy-duty > vehicles', J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., Vol. 48, pp. 276-278. > > Geueke, K.J., Gessner, A., Quass, U., Bröker, G. & Hiester, E. (1999), > 'PCDD/F emissions from heavy duty vehicle diesel engines', Chemosphere, > Vol. 38, No. 12, pp. 2791-2806. > > Giesy, J.P. & Kannan, K. (1998), 'Dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like toxic > effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): implications for risk > assessment', Critical Reviews in Toxicology, Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 511-569. > > Gullet, B. & Ryan, J.V. (1997), 'On-road sampling of diesel engine > emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated > dibenzofuran', Dioxin '97, Organohalogen Compounds, Vol. 32, pp. 451-456. > > Hagenmaier, H., Dawidowsky, N., Weberruss, U., Hutzinger, O., Schwind, > K.H., Thoma, H., Essers, U., Bühler, U. & Greiner, R. (1990), 'Emission of > polyhalogenated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans from combustion engines', > Dioxin '90, Organohalogen Compounds, Vol. 2, Short Papers 2, pp. 329-334. > > Hagenmaier, H. (1994), 'Contributions of diesel-powered vehicles and wood > burning to overall PCDD/PCDF emissions', Dioxin '94, 11th International > Symposium on Chlorinated Dioxins, PCB and Related Compounds, November > 21-25 1994, Kyoto, Japan. > > Hagenmaier, H. (1995)19 , 'Eintrag und verbleib von PCDD/PCDF -Bedeutung > der eintrage durch automobilabgase und holzfeuerungen', Organohalogen > Compounds, Vol. 22, pp. 49-54 (in German). > > Haglund, P., Alsberg, T., Bergman, A. & Jansson, B. (1987), 'Analysis of > halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air, snow and > automobile exhaust', Chemosphere, Vol. 16, No. 10-12, pp. 2441-2450. > > Haglund, P., Egebäck, K.E. & Jansson, B. (1988), 'Analysis of > polybrominated dioxins and furans in vehicle exhaust', Chemosphere, Vol. > 17, No. 11, pp. 2129-2140. > > Heo, Y., Saxon, A. & Hankinson, O. (2001), 'Effect of diesel exhaust > particles and their components on the allergen-specific IgE and IgG1 > response in mice', Toxicology, Vol. 159, pp. 143-158. > > Her Majesties Inspectorate of Pollution - HMIP (1995), 'A Review of Dioxin > Emissions in the UK', Department of the Environment, UK, Report No. > DOE/HMIP/RR/95/004. > > Hutzinger, O. & Fiedler, H. (1989), 'Sources and emissions of PCDD/PCDF', > Chemosphere, Vol. 18, No. 1-6, pp. 23-32. > > Irvine, K.N. & Loganathan, B.G. (1998), 'Localized enrichment of PCB > levels in street dust to redistribution by wind', Water Air and Soil > Pollution, Vol. 105, No. 3-4, pp. 603-615. > > Jones, K.H. (1993), 'Diesel truck emissions, an unrecognized source of > PCDD/PCDF exposure in the United States', Risk Analysis, Vol. 13, No. 3, > pp. 245-252. > > Jones, K.H. (1995), 'Diesel engine emissions and the link to human dioxin > exposure', Organohalogen Compounds, Vol. 24, pp. 69-74. > > Katami, T., Yasuhara, A., Okuda, T. & Shibamoto, T. (2002), 'Formation of > PCDDs, PCDFs and coplanar PCBs from polyvinyl chloride during combustion > in an incinerator', Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 36, No. 6, > pp. 1320-1324. > > Kaune, A. & Kettrup, A. (1994), 'Treatment of values below the detection > limit in correlation analysis of chlorinated dioxins and related > compounds', Chemosphere, Vol. 29, No. 9-11, pp. 1811-1818. > > Konheim, C.S. (1986), 'Dioxin exposure and motor vehicle emissions', Waste > Age, Vol. 17, November 1986, pp. 69-76. > > Kouimtzis, Th., Samara, C., Voutsa, D., Balafoutis, Ch. & Müller (2002), > 'PCDD/Fs and PCBs in airborne particulate matter of the greater > Thessaloniki area, N. Greece', Chemosphere, Vol. 47, pp. 193-205. > > Larssen et al. (1990)20, 'Emission factors of PCDD and PCDF for Road > Vehicles obtained by a tunnel experiment', Dioxin '90, Vol. I, Short > Papers. > > Li, H., Banner, C.D., Mason, G.G., Westerholm, R.N. & Rafter J.J. (1996), > 'Determination of polycyclic aromatic compounds and dioxin receptor > ligands present in diesel exhaust particulate extracts', Atmospheric > Environment, Vol. 30, No. 20, pp. 3537-3543. > > Lulek, J. (1998), 'Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in some waste motor > and transformer oils from Poland', Chemosphere, Vol. 37, No. 9-12, pp. > 2021-2030. > > Marklund, S., Rappe, C., Tysklind, M. & Egebäck, K.E. (1987), > 'Identification of polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxins in exhausts > from cars run on leaded gasoline', Chemosphere, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 29-36. > > Marklund, S., Andersson, R., Tysklind, M., Rappe, C., Egebäck, K.E., > Björkman, E. & Grigoriadis, V. (1990), 'Emissions of PCDDs and PCDFs in > gasoline and diesel fueled cars', Chemosphere, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. > 553-561. > > Mason, G., Gustafsson, J.A., Westerholm, R.N. & Li, H. (1992), 'Chemical > fractionation of particulate extracts from diesel vehicle exhaust: > distribution of ligands for the dioxin receptor', Environmental Science & > Technology, Vol. 26, No. 8, pp. 1635-1638. > > Mason, G.F. (1994) 'Dioxin-receptor ligands in urban air and vehicle > exhaust', Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 102, Supplement 4, pp. > 111-116. > > Michaels, A. (1987), 'The solid waste forum - Dioxin', Public Works, Vol. > 118, No. 1, pp. 42-46. > > Ministry for the Environment (2000), 'New Zealand Inventory of Dioxin > Emissions to Air, Land and Water, and Reservoir Sources', Organochlorines > Programme, Ministry for the Environment, by S.J. Buckland, H.K. Ellis & P. > Dyke, Wellington, New Zealand, ISBN 0 478 09074 9. > > Miyabara, Y., Hashimoto, S., Sagai, M. & Morita, M. (1999), 'PCDDs and > PCDFs in vehicle exhaust particles in Japan', Chemosphere, Vol. 39, No. 1, > pp. 143-150. > > NEPC (1999), 'The Australian Diesel Fleet - Existing Vehicle > Characteristics and the Modelling of Transport Demand, Vehicle Populations > and Emissions', by Cox, J., National Environment Protection Council > Service Corporation, Australia, ISBN 0 642 32315 1. > > Nilsen, A., Tronnes, T., Westerholm, R., Rannug, U., Nilsen, O.G., > Helleberg, H., Kautiainen, A., Hedenskog, M. & Törnqvist, M. (1999), > 'Short-term exposure of rodents to diesel exhaust: usefulness for studies > of genotoxic and immunotoxic effects', Chemico-Biological Interactions, > Vol. 118, pp. 19-38. > > Öberg, T., Warman, K. & Bergström, J. (1987), 'Brominated aromatics from > combustion', Chemosphere, Vol. 16, No. 10-12, pp. 2451-2465. > > Oehme, M., Larssen, S. & Brevik, E.M. (1991), 'Emission factors of PCDD > and PCDF for road vehicles obtained by a tunnel experiment', Chemosphere, > Vol. 23, No. 11-12, pp. 1699-1708. > > Pacific Air & Environment (1998), 'Sources of Dioxins and Furans in > Australia: Air Emissions', Department of the Environment and Heritage > Canberra, ISBN 0 642 54667 7. > > Pacific Air & Environment (2002), 'South-East Queensland Emission > Inventory Mobile Sources -Spark Ignition Vehicles - Internal Report', > Prepared for Queensland EPA & BCC, Brisbane, Australia. > > Procaccini, C., Bozzelli, J.W., Longwell, J.P., Smith, K.A. & Sarofim, > A.F. (2000), 'Presence of chlorine radicals and formation of molecular > chlorine in the post-flame region of chlorocarbon combustion', > Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 34, No. 21, pp. 4565-4570. > > Rappe, C., Andersson, R., Bergqvist, P.A., Brohede, C., Hansson, M., > Kjeller, L.O., Lindström, G., Marklund, S., Nygren, M., Swanson, S.E., > Tysklind, M. & Wiberg, K. (1987), 'Sources and relative importance of PCDD > and PCDF emissions', Waste Manage. Res., Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 225-237. > > Rappe, C., Kjeller, L.O., Bruckmann, P. & Hackhe, K.H. (1988), > 'Identification and quantification of PCDDs and PCDFs in urban air', > Chemosphere, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 3-20 > > Salthammer, T., Klipp, H., Peek, R.D. & Marutzky, R. (1995) 'Formation of > polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans > (PCDF) during the combustion of impregnated wood', Chemosphere, Vol. 30, > No. 11, pp. 2051-2060. > > Schwind, K.H. (1991), 'Emission halogenierter dibenzodioxine (PXDD) und > dibenzofurane (PXDF) aus verbrennungsmotoren', UWSF-Z. Umweltchem. > Oekotox., Vol. 3, pp. 291-298. > > Sedlak, D., Dumler-Gradl, R., Thoma, H. & Vierle, O. (1998), > 'Polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the exhaust air > during textile processing', Chemosphere, Vol. 37, No. 9-12, pp. 2071-2076. > > Sjögren, M., Li, H., Banner, C., Rafter, J., Westerholm, R. & Rannug, U. > (1996), 'Influence of physical and chemical characteristics of diesel > fuels and exhaust emissions on biological effects of particle extracts: a > multivariate statistical analysis of ten diesel fuels', Chemical Research > in Toxicology, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 197-207. > > Smit, R., Ormerod, R. & Bridge, I. (2002a), 'Vehicle emission models and > their application - Emission inventories', Clean Air and Environmental > Quality, CASANZ, Australia, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 30-34. > > Smit, R., Bawden, K. & Ormerod, R. (2002b), 'Speciated hydrocarbon > emissions from road traffic', Proceedings of the 16th Clean Air and > Environment Conference, CASANZ, Christchurch, New Zealand, 19-22 August > 2002, pp. 746-757. > > Sommer, S., Kamps, R. & Kleinermanns, K. (1996), 'Photooxidation of > exhaust pollutants', Chemosphere, Vol. 33, No. 11, pp. 2221-2227. > > Soontjes, C.D., Holmberg, K., Westerholm, R.N. & Rafter, J.J. (1997), > 'Characterisation of polycyclic aromatic compounds in diesel exhaust > particulate extract responsible for aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity', > Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 219-225. > > Sweetman, A.J., Alcock, R.E., Wittsiepe, J. & Jones, K.C. (2000), 'Human > exposure to PCDD/Fs in the UK: the development of a modelling approach to > give historical and future perspectives', Environment International, Vol. > 26, pp. 37-47. > > Takenaka, H., Zhang, K., Diaz-Sanchez, D., Tsien, A. & Saxon, A. (1995), > 'Enhanced human IgE production results from exposure to the aromatic > hydrocarbons from diesel exhaust: direct effects on B-cell IgE > production', Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 95, No. 1, > Part 1, Jan 1995, pp. 103-115. > > Tejima, H., Nakagawa, I., Shinoda, T. & Maeda, I. (1996), 'PCDDs/PCDFs > rduction by good combustion technology and fabric filter with/without > activated carbon injection', Chemosphere, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 169-175. > > Travis, C.C. & Hattemer-Frey, H.A. (1991), 'Human exposure to dioxin', The > Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 104, No. 1-2, pp. 97-127. > > UNEP (1999), 'Dioxin and Furan Inventories - National and Regional > Emissions of PCDD/PCDF', UNEP Chemicals, Geneva, Switzerland, United > Nations Environment Programme, May 1999. > > US EPA (2000), 'Draft Dioxin Reassessment', United States Environmental > Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, > http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/part1and2.cfm?ActType= default. > > Vainio, H., Hesso, A. & Jappinen, P. (1989), 'Chlorinated dioxins and > dibenzofurans in the environment - a hazard to public health', Scand J > Work Environ Health, Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 377-382. > > Van den Berg, M., Birnbaum, L., Bosveld, A.T.C., Brunström, B., Cook, P., > Freeley, M., Giesy, P., Hanberg, A., Hasegawa, R., Kennedy, S.W., Kubiak, > T., Larsen, J.C., Van Leeuwen, F.X.R., Liem, A.K.D., Nolt, C., Peterson, > R.E., Poellinger, L., Safe, S., Schrenk, D., Tillit, D., Tyskild, M., > Younes, M., Waern, F. & Zacharewski, T. (1998), 'Toxic Equivalency Factors > (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife', Environmental > Health Perspectives, Vol. 106, No. 12, pp. 775-792. > > Westerholm, R. & Egebäck, K.E. (1994), 'Exhaust emissions from light-duty > and heavy-duty vehicles: chemical composition, impact of exhaust after > treatment and fuel parameters', Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. > 102, Supplement 4, pp. 13-23. > > Westerholm, R. Christensen, A., Törnqvist, M., Ehrenberg, L., Rannug, U., > Sjögren, M., Rafter, J., Soontjes, C., Almén, J. & Grägg, K. (2001), > 'Comparison of exhaust emissions from Swedish environmental classified > diesel fuel (MK1) and European Program on emissions, fuels and engine > technologies (EPEFE) reference fuel: a chemical and biological > characterization, with viewpoints on cancer risks', Environmental Science > & Technology, Vol. 35, No. 9, pp. 1748-1754. > > Wevers, M., De Fré, R. & Rymen, T. (1992), 'Dioxins and dibenzofurans in > tunnel air', Dioxin '92, Organohalogen Compounds, Vol. 9, pp. 321-324. > > Vierle, O., Launhardt, T., Strehler, A., Dumler-Gradl, R., Thoma, H. & > Schreiner, M. (1999), Investigation of organic pollutants from house > heating systems using biogenic fuels and correlations with other exhaust > gas components, Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 393, pp. 131-140. > > WHO (1998), 'Assessment of the Health Risk of Dioxins: Re-evaluation of > the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) - Executive Summary', WHO European Centre > for Environment and Health, WHO Consultation, Geneva, Switzerland, May > 25-29 1998, > http://www.who.int/pcs/docs/dioxin-exec-sum/exe-sum-final.html. > > Wichmann, H., Lorenz, W. & Bahadir, M. (1995), 'Release of PCDD/F and PAH > during vehicle fires in traffic tunnels', Chemosphere, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. > 2755-2766. > > Zhang, Y., Stedman, D.H., Bishop, G.A., Guenther, P.L. & Beaton, S.P. > (1995), 'Worldwide on-road vehicle exhaust emissions study by remote > sensing', Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 29, No. 9, pp. 2286-2294. > > > > >> >> I do not have the figures to hand, > > Now you do.
**No, I do not. I do have a bunch of references to publications I do not possess, however. If you have the actual data, then please present it.
> >> but I would wager > > How much?
**Figure of speech. I don't actually gamble.
> >> that there is sufficient O2 left and insufficient CO2, after combustion, >> to suffocate a human. I reiterate: I do not have any data to support this >> argument. > > Try it. > Have someone else document it.
**Let's see the data. I won't be sticking my mouth anywhere near a cigarette, or an exhaust pipe, anytime soon. Both emit far too much toxic crap. Only complete morons stick their mouths near exhaust pipes and cigarettes.
-- Trevor Wilson www.rageaudio.com.au
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 | | From: | B J Foster | | Subject: | Re: Smoke bans at the beach | | Date: | Mon, 24 Jan 2005 14:27:03 +1100 |
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Trevor Wilson wrote: > "Mark Addinall" wrote in message > news:lwZId.131556$K7.8989@news-server.bigpond.net.au... >
> >>>that there is sufficient O2 left and insufficient CO2, after combustion, >>>to suffocate a human. I reiterate: I do not have any data to support this >>>argument. >> >>Try it. >>Have someone else document it. >
ROTFL
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 | | From: | B J Foster | | Subject: | Re: Smoke bans at the beach | | Date: | Mon, 24 Jan 2005 14:24:20 +1100 |
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Trevor Wilson wrote: > "Mark Addinall" wrote in message > news:lwZId.131556$K7.8989@news-server.bigpond.net.au... >
>> >>>I do not have the figures to hand, >> >>Now you do. > > > **No, I do not. I do have a bunch of references to publications I do not > possess, however. If you have the actual data, then please present it. > > >>>but I would wager >> >>How much? > > > **Figure of speech. I don't actually gamble.
You mean you can't put your money where your mouth is
> >
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 | | From: | Trevor Wilson | | Subject: | Re: Smoke bans at the beach | | Date: | Mon, 24 Jan 2005 14:30:20 +1100 |
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 | "B J Foster" wrote in message news:41F46A64.1010509@yahoo.com... > > > Trevor Wilson wrote: >> "Mark Addinall" wrote in message >> news:lwZId.131556$K7.8989@news-server.bigpond.net.au... >> > >>> >>>>I do not have the figures to hand, >>> >>>Now you do. >> >> >> **No, I do not. I do have a bunch of references to publications I do not >> possess, however. If you have the actual data, then please present it. >> >> >>>>but I would wager >>> >>>How much? >> >> >> **Figure of speech. I don't actually gamble. > > You mean you can't put your money where your mouth is
**Earlier today, you *plonked* me. Do you understand what that means? Do you want to answer my previous questions to you? Or don't have the balls or brains to do so?
-- Trevor Wilson www.rageaudio.com.au
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 | | From: | B J Foster | | Subject: | Re: Smoke bans at the beach | | Date: | Mon, 24 Jan 2005 14:29:30 +1100 |
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Trevor Wilson wrote: > "B J Foster" wrote in message > news:41F46A64.1010509@yahoo.com... > >> >>Trevor Wilson wrote: >> >>>"Mark Addinall" wrote in message >>>news:lwZId.131556$K7.8989@news-server.bigpond.net.au... >>> >> >> >> >>>>>I do not have the figures to hand, >>>> >>>>Now you do. >>> >>> >>>**No, I do not. I do have a bunch of references to publications I do not >>>possess, however. If you have the actual data, then please present it. >>> >>> >>> >>>>>but I would wager >>>> >>>>How much? >>> >>> >>>**Figure of speech. I don't actually gamble. >> >>You mean you can't put your money where your mouth is > > > **Earlier today, you *plonked* me. Do you understand what that means? Do you > want to answer my previous questions to you? Or don't have the balls or > brains to do so? > >
Figure of speech. I don't actually plonk
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 | | From: | Trevor Wilson | | Subject: | Re: Smoke bans at the beach | | Date: | Mon, 24 Jan 2005 14:36:55 +1100 |
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 | "B J Foster" wrote in message news:41F46B9A.60208@yahoo.com... > > > Trevor Wilson wrote: >> "B J Foster" wrote in message >> news:41F46A64.1010509@yahoo.com... >> >>> >>>Trevor Wilson wrote: >>> >>>>"Mark Addinall" wrote in message >>>>news:lwZId.131556$K7.8989@news-server.bigpond.net.au... >>>> >>> >>> >>> >>>>>>I do not have the figures to hand, >>>>> >>>>>Now you do. >>>> >>>> >>>>**No, I do not. I do have a bunch of references to publications I do not >>>>possess, however. If you have the actual data, then please present it. >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>>but I would wager >>>>> >>>>>How much? >>>> >>>> >>>>**Figure of speech. I don't actually gamble. >>> >>>You mean you can't put your money where your mouth is >> >> >> **Earlier today, you *plonked* me. Do you understand what that means? Do >> you want to answer my previous questions to you? Or don't have the balls >> or brains to do so? >> >> > > Figure of speech. I don't actually plonk
**Good that I now understand that you don't actually carry through on a threat. Now, how about answering my questions?
-- Trevor Wilson www.rageaudio.com.au
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 | | From: | B J Foster | | Subject: | Re: Smoke bans at the beach | | Date: | Mon, 24 Jan 2005 14:53:17 +1100 |
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Trevor Wilson wrote: > "B J Foster" wrote in message > news:41F46B9A.60208@yahoo.com... > >> >>Trevor Wilson wrote: >> >>>"B J Foster" wrote in message >>>news:41F46A64.1010509@yahoo.com... >>> >>> >>>>Trevor Wilson wrote: >>>> >>>> >>>>>"Mark Addinall" wrote in message >>>>>news:lwZId.131556$K7.8989@news-server.bigpond.net.au... >>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>>>I do not have the figures to hand, >>>>>> >>>>>>Now you do. >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>**No, I do not. I do have a bunch of references to publications I do not >>>>>possess, however. If you have the actual data, then please present it. >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>but I would wager >>>>>> >>>>>>How much? >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>**Figure of speech. I don't actually gamble. >>>> >>>>You mean you can't put your money where your mouth is >>> >>> >>>**Earlier today, you *plonked* me. Do you understand what that means? Do >>>you want to answer my previous questions to you? Or don't have the balls >>>or brains to do so? >>> >>> >> >>Figure of speech. I don't actually plonk > > > **Good that I now understand that you don't actually carry through on a > threat. Now, how about answering my questions? > >
Q. What's the point of debating with an idiot? A. None
*Plonk**
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 | | From: | Trevor Wilson | | Subject: | Re: Smoke bans at the beach | | Date: | Mon, 24 Jan 2005 15:07:18 +1100 |
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 | "B J Foster" wrote in message news:41F4712D.2020801@yahoo.com... > > > Trevor Wilson wrote: >> "B J Foster" wrote in message >> news:41F46B9A.60208@yahoo.com... >> >>> >>>Trevor Wilson wrote: >>> >>>>"B J Foster" wrote in message >>>>news:41F46A64.1010509@yahoo.com... >>>> >>>> >>>>>Trevor Wilson wrote: >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>"Mark Addinall" wrote in message >>>>>>news:lwZId.131556$K7.8989@news-server.bigpond.net.au... >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>I do not have the figures to hand, >>>>>>> >>>>>>>Now you do. >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>**No, I do not. I do have a bunch of references to publications I do >>>>>>not possess, however. If you have the actual data, then please present >>>>>>it. >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>>but I would wager >>>>>>> >>>>>>>How much? >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>**Figure of speech. I don't actually gamble. >>>>> >>>>>You mean you can't put your money where your mouth is >>>> >>>> >>>>**Earlier today, you *plonked* me. Do you understand what that means? Do >>>>you want to answer my previous questions to you? Or don't have the balls >>>>or brains to do so? >>>> >>>> >>> >>>Figure of speech. I don't actually plonk >> >> >> **Good that I now understand that you don't actually carry through on a >> threat. Now, how about answering my questions? >> >> > > Q. What's the point of debating with an idiot? > A. None > > *Plonk**
**Truer words were never spoken.
I guess even a complete and utter moron can SOMETHING right.
-- Trevor Wilson www.rageaudio.com.au
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 | | From: | Mark Addinall | | Subject: | Re: Smoke bans at the beach | | Date: | Mon, 24 Jan 2005 05:52:44 GMT |
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"Trevor Wilson" wrote in message news:35j6vrF4nj5otU1@individual.net... > > "Mark Addinall" wrote in message > news:lwZId.131556$K7.8989@news-server.bigpond.net.au... >> >> >> -- >> I'm too poor to have a .sig >> addinall@addinall.org >> "Trevor Wilson" wrote in message >> news:41f4598c$1@news.comindico.com.au... >>> >>> "Bernd Felsche" wrote in message >>> news:5f0ec2x77j.ln2@innovative.iinet.net.au... >>>> "Trevor Wilson" writes: >>>>>"Bernd Felsche" wrote in message >>>>>news:c4tdc2xrmi.ln2@innovative.iinet.net.au... >>>>>> "Trevor Wilson" writes: >>>>>>>"B J Foster" wrote in message >>>>>>>news:41F41BE6.7020203@yahoo.com... >>>>>>>> Mike Price wrote: >>>>>>>>> On Mon, 24 Jan 2005 00:57:55 +1000, Jacques Guy >>>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>> >>>>>>>>> Why the hell would anyone lie about this? If car fumes bothered us >>>>>>>>> so >>>>>>>>> much surely we would complain about them as well. Are we supposed >>>>>>>>> to >>>>>>>>> not really be bothered by cigarette smoke but just have some >>>>>>>>> strange >>>>>>>>> personal vendetta against smokers or something? >>>> >>>>>>>> Car exhaust contains colourless, odourless and DEADLY >>>>>>>> carbon-monoxide. >>>> >>>>>>>**Point: >>>> >>>>>>>Modern, PROPERLY maintained automobiles emit so little CO, that it is >>>>>>>virtually impossible to die by inhaling the exhaust. >>>> >>>>>> Go on then; try it! >>>> >>>>>> The CO2 in the exhaust will kill you unless you get enough oxygen; >>>>>> which the CO2 from motor vehicles will *displace*. >>>> >>>>>**Nice try. We're discussing CO, not CO2. >>>> >>>> CO2 is part of "car fumes". CO2 is colourless, odourless and DEADLY. >>>> So "inhaling the exhaust" for long enough will kill you. And by long >>>> enough; it's a matter of minutes. >>> >>> **Indeed. However, just to remind you: We're discussing CO, not CO2. >>> Further, can you tell me how much O2 is left in the exhaust, after >>> combustion in a typical, modern, properly tuned automobile? Also, how >>> much CO2 is left in the exhaust after combustion in a typical, modern, >>> properly tuned automobile? >>> >>> After we know these answers, we can determine if the exhaust gases >>> would, indeed, kill a person. >> ABS (1998), 'Survey of Motor Vehicle Use', Australian Bureau of >> Statistics, Canberra, Australia. >> >> Albright, J.F. & Goldstein, R.A. (1996), 'Airborne pollutants and the >> immune system', Otolaryngology-Head-And-Neck-Surgery, Vol. 114, No. 2, >> February 1996, pp. 232-238. >> >> Alcock, R.E., Sweetman, A.J. & Jones, K.C. (2001), 'A congener-specific >> PCDD/F emissions inventory for the UK: do current estimates account for >> the measured atmospheric burden', Chemosphere, Vol. 43, pp. 183-194. >> >> Alsberg, T., Stenberg, U., Westerholm, R., Strandell, M., Rannug, U., >> Sundvall, A., Romert, L., Bernson, V., Pettersson, B., Toftgård, R., >> Franzén, B., Jansson, M., Gustafsson, J.A., Egebäck, K.E. & Tejle, G. >> (1985), 'Chemical charcaterization of organic material from gasoline >> exhaust particles', Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 19, No. 1, >> pp. 43-50. >> >> Austroads (2000), Roadfacts 2000 - 'An Overview of the Australian and the >> New Zealand Road Systems', Austroads Incorporated, Sydney, Australia. >> >> Bacher, R., Riehle, U., Swerev, M. & Ballschmiter, K. (1991), 'Patterns >> and levels of polyhalogenated (Br-, Cl-) dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans >> in automobile traffic related samples', Chemosphere, Vol. 23, No. 8-10, >> pp. 1151-1171. >> >> Ballschmitter, K., Buchert, H., Niemczyk, R., Munder, A. & Swerev, M. >> (1986), 'Automobile exhaust versus municipal-waste incineration as a >> source of the polychloro-dibenzodioxins (PCDD) and furans (PCDF) found in >> the environment', Chemosphere, Vol. 15, No. 7, pp. 901-915. >> >> Bingham, A.G., Edmunds, C.J., Graham, B.W. & Jones, M.T. (1989), >> 'Determination of PCDDs and PCDFs in car exhaust', Chemosphere, Vol. 19, >> No. 1-6, pp. 669-673. >> >> Bremmer, H.J., Troost, L.M., Kuipers, G., De Koning, J. & Sein, A.A. >> (1994), 'Emission of Dioxins in the Netherlands', RIVM, Bilthoven, TNO, >> Apeldoorn, The Netherlands, Report No. 770501018. >> >> Bremmer (1997), 'Emissies van Dioxinen in Nederland in 1996 en 1998' >> (Vertrouwelijk), RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands, Confidential Note (in >> Dutch). >> >> Broz, J., Grabic, R., Kilián, J., Lojkásek, M., Marklund, S., Ocelka, T., >> Pekárek, V., Pribyl, J., Tydlitát, V. & Vyska, J. (2000), 'The effect of >> oils on PAH, PCDD, PCDF and PCB emissions from a spark engine fueled with >> leaded gasoline', Chemosphere, Vol. 41, pp. 1905-1911. >> >> Bumb, R.R., Crummett, W.B., Cutie, S.S., Gledhill, J.R., Hummel, R.H., >> Kagel, R.O., Lamparski, L.L., Luoma, E.V., Miller, D.L. & Nestrick, T.J., >> Shadoff, L.A., Stehl, R.H. & Woods, S.J.S. (1980), 'Trace chemistries of >> fire: a source of chlorinated dioxins', Science, Vol. 210, No. 4468, pp. >> 385-390. >> >> Carvalhaes, G.K., Brooks, P., Azevedo, J.A.T., Azevedo, G.C., Machado, >> M.C.S., Quitério, S.L., Sousa, C. & Arbilla, G. (2002), 'Determination of >> PCDD/F in total suspended particules in Rio de Janeiro: A preliminary >> study', Organohalogen Compounds, Vol. 56, pp. 461-463. >> >> Caserini, S. & Monguzzi, A.N. (2002), 'PCDD/Fs emissions inventory in the >> Lombardy region: results and uncertainties', Chemosphere, (in press). >> >> CE-CERT (1998), 'Evaluation of Factors That Affect Diesel Exhaust >> Toxicity', Center for Environmental Research and Technology, College of >> Engineering, University of California, by Norbeck, J.M., Smith, M.R., >> Arey, J., Kado, N. & Okamoto, B., Contract No. 94-312. Clunies-Ross, C., >> Stanmore, B.R. & Millar, G.J. (1996), 'Dioxins in diesel exhaust', >> Nature, Vol. 381, No. 6581, p. 379. >> >> De Fré, R. & Wevers, M. (1994), 'Stofdossier Dioxines', VITO, No. 941055 >> (in Dutch). >> >> Dyke, P.H. & Stratford, J. (2002) 'Changes to the TEF schemes can have >> significant impacts on regulation and management of PCDD/F and PCB', >> Chemosphere, Vol. 47, pp. 103-116. >> >> EC (1997), 'The European Dioxin Inventory', European Commission, DGXI, by >> North Rhine-Westphalia State Environment Agency, >> http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/dioxin/. >> >> Eduljee, G.H. & Dyke, P. (1996) 'An updated inventory of potential PCDD >> and PCDF emissions sources in the UK', The Science of the Total >> Environment, Vol. 177, No. 1, pp. 303-321. >> >> Environment Canada (1999), 'Dioxins and Furans and Hexachlorobenzene - >> Inventory of Releases', Environment Canada & the Federal/Provincial task >> Force on Dioxins and Furans, January 1999. >> >> EPA (1997), 'Locating and estimating air emissions from sources of >> dioxins and furans, Draft Report', US EPA Office of Air Quality Planning >> and Standards, EPA Contract No. 68-D2-0160. >> >> Edgerton, S.A. & Czuczwa, J.M. (1989), 'Source apportionment of dioxins >> and dibenzofurans in ambient air in Ohio', Receptor Models in Air >> Resources Management, by Watson, J.G. (ed.), Int. Specialty Conference on >> Receptor Models in Air Resources Management, San Francisco, CA, USA, Feb >> 1988, pp. 59-71. >> >> Gertler, A.W., Sagebiel, J.C., Dippel, W.A. & Farina, R.J. (1998), >> 'Measurements of dioxin and furan emission factors from heavy-duty >> vehicles', J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., Vol. 48, pp. 276-278. >> >> Geueke, K.J., Gessner, A., Quass, U., Bröker, G. & Hiester, E. (1999), >> 'PCDD/F emissions from heavy duty vehicle diesel engines', Chemosphere, >> Vol. 38, No. 12, pp. 2791-2806. >> >> Giesy, J.P. & Kannan, K. (1998), 'Dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like toxic >> effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): implications for risk >> assessment', Critical Reviews in Toxicology, Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 511-569. >> >> Gullet, B. & Ryan, J.V. (1997), 'On-road sampling of diesel engine >> emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated >> dibenzofuran', Dioxin '97, Organohalogen Compounds, Vol. 32, pp. 451-456. >> >> Hagenmaier, H., Dawidowsky, N., Weberruss, U., Hutzinger, O., Schwind, >> K.H., Thoma, H., Essers, U., Bühler, U. & Greiner, R. (1990), 'Emission >> of polyhalogenated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans from combustion >> engines', Dioxin '90, Organohalogen Compounds, Vol. 2, Short Papers 2, >> pp. 329-334. >> >> Hagenmaier, H. (1994), 'Contributions of diesel-powered vehicles and wood >> burning to overall PCDD/PCDF emissions', Dioxin '94, 11th International >> Symposium on Chlorinated Dioxins, PCB and Related Compounds, November >> 21-25 1994, Kyoto, Japan. >> >> Hagenmaier, H. (1995)19 , 'Eintrag und verbleib von PCDD/PCDF -Bedeutung >> der eintrage durch automobilabgase und holzfeuerungen', Organohalogen >> Compounds, Vol. 22, pp. 49-54 (in German). >> >> Haglund, P., Alsberg, T., Bergman, A. & Jansson, B. (1987), 'Analysis of >> halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air, snow and >> automobile exhaust', Chemosphere, Vol. 16, No. 10-12, pp. 2441-2450. >> >> Haglund, P., Egebäck, K.E. & Jansson, B. (1988), 'Analysis of >> polybrominated dioxins and furans in vehicle exhaust', Chemosphere, Vol. >> 17, No. 11, pp. 2129-2140. >> >> Heo, Y., Saxon, A. & Hankinson, O. (2001), 'Effect of diesel exhaust >> particles and their components on the allergen-specific IgE and IgG1 >> response in mice', Toxicology, Vol. 159, pp. 143-158. >> >> Her Majesties Inspectorate of Pollution - HMIP (1995), 'A Review of >> Dioxin Emissions in the UK', Department of the Environment, UK, Report >> No. DOE/HMIP/RR/95/004. >> >> Hutzinger, O. & Fiedler, H. (1989), 'Sources and emissions of PCDD/PCDF', >> Chemosphere, Vol. 18, No. 1-6, pp. 23-32. >> >> Irvine, K.N. & Loganathan, B.G. (1998), 'Localized enrichment of PCB >> levels in street dust to redistribution by wind', Water Air and Soil >> Pollution, Vol. 105, No. 3-4, pp. 603-615. >> >> Jones, K.H. (1993), 'Diesel truck emissions, an unrecognized source of >> PCDD/PCDF exposure in the United States', Risk Analysis, Vol. 13, No. 3, >> pp. 245-252. >> >> Jones, K.H. (1995), 'Diesel engine emissions and the link to human dioxin >> exposure', Organohalogen Compounds, Vol. 24, pp. 69-74. >> >> Katami, T., Yasuhara, A., Okuda, T. & Shibamoto, T. (2002), 'Formation of >> PCDDs, PCDFs and coplanar PCBs from polyvinyl chloride during combustion >> in an incinerator', Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 36, No. 6, >> pp. 1320-1324. >> >> Kaune, A. & Kettrup, A. (1994), 'Treatment of values below the detection >> limit in correlation analysis of chlorinated dioxins and related >> compounds', Chemosphere, Vol. 29, No. 9-11, pp. 1811-1818. >> >> Konheim, C.S. (1986), 'Dioxin exposure and motor vehicle emissions', >> Waste Age, Vol. 17, November 1986, pp. 69-76. >> >> Kouimtzis, Th., Samara, C., Voutsa, D., Balafoutis, Ch. & Müller (2002), >> 'PCDD/Fs and PCBs in airborne particulate matter of the greater >> Thessaloniki area, N. Greece', Chemosphere, Vol. 47, pp. 193-205. >> >> Larssen et al. (1990)20, 'Emission factors of PCDD and PCDF for Road >> Vehicles obtained by a tunnel experiment', Dioxin '90, Vol. I, Short >> Papers. >> >> Li, H., Banner, C.D., Mason, G.G., Westerholm, R.N. & Rafter J.J. (1996), >> 'Determination of polycyclic aromatic compounds and dioxin receptor >> ligands present in diesel exhaust particulate extracts', Atmospheric >> Environment, Vol. 30, No. 20, pp. 3537-3543. >> >> Lulek, J. (1998), 'Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in some waste >> motor and transformer oils from Poland', Chemosphere, Vol. 37, No. 9-12, >> pp. 2021-2030. >> >> Marklund, S., Rappe, C., Tysklind, M. & Egebäck, K.E. (1987), >> 'Identification of polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxins in exhausts >> from cars run on leaded gasoline', Chemosphere, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. >> 29-36. >> >> Marklund, S., Andersson, R., Tysklind, M., Rappe, C., Egebäck, K.E., >> Björkman, E. & Grigoriadis, V. (1990), 'Emissions of PCDDs and PCDFs in >> gasoline and diesel fueled cars', Chemosphere, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. >> 553-561. >> >> Mason, G., Gustafsson, J.A., Westerholm, R.N. & Li, H. (1992), 'Chemical >> fractionation of particulate extracts from diesel vehicle exhaust: >> distribution of ligands for the dioxin receptor', Environmental Science & >> Technology, Vol. 26, No. 8, pp. 1635-1638. >> >> Mason, G.F. (1994) 'Dioxin-receptor ligands in urban air and vehicle >> exhaust', Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 102, Supplement 4, pp. >> 111-116. >> >> Michaels, A. (1987), 'The solid waste forum - Dioxin', Public Works, Vol. >> 118, No. 1, pp. 42-46. >> >> Ministry for the Environment (2000), 'New Zealand Inventory of Dioxin >> Emissions to Air, Land and Water, and Reservoir Sources', Organochlorines >> Programme, Ministry for the Environment, by S.J. Buckland, H.K. Ellis & >> P. Dyke, Wellington, New Zealand, ISBN 0 478 09074 9. >> >> Miyabara, Y., Hashimoto, S., Sagai, M. & Morita, M. (1999), 'PCDDs and >> PCDFs in vehicle exhaust particles in Japan', Chemosphere, Vol. 39, No. >> 1, pp. 143-150. >> >> NEPC (1999), 'The Australian Diesel Fleet - Existing Vehicle >> Characteristics and the Modelling of Transport Demand, Vehicle >> Populations and Emissions', by Cox, J., National Environment Protection >> Council Service Corporation, Australia, ISBN 0 642 32315 1. >> >> Nilsen, A., Tronnes, T., Westerholm, R., Rannug, U., Nilsen, O.G., >> Helleberg, H., Kautiainen, A., Hedenskog, M. & Törnqvist, M. (1999), >> 'Short-term exposure of rodents to diesel exhaust: usefulness for studies >> of genotoxic and immunotoxic effects', Chemico-Biological Interactions, >> Vol. 118, pp. 19-38. >> >> Öberg, T., Warman, K. & Bergström, J. (1987), 'Brominated aromatics from >> combustion', Chemosphere, Vol. 16, No. 10-12, pp. 2451-2465. >> >> Oehme, M., Larssen, S. & Brevik, E.M. (1991), 'Emission factors of PCDD >> and PCDF for road vehicles obtained by a tunnel experiment', Chemosphere, >> Vol. 23, No. 11-12, pp. 1699-1708. >> >> Pacific Air & Environment (1998), 'Sources of Dioxins and Furans in >> Australia: Air Emissions', Department of the Environment and Heritage >> Canberra, ISBN 0 642 54667 7. >> >> Pacific Air & Environment (2002), 'South-East Queensland Emission >> Inventory Mobile Sources -Spark Ignition Vehicles - Internal Report', >> Prepared for Queensland EPA & BCC, Brisbane, Australia. >> >> Procaccini, C., Bozzelli, J.W., Longwell, J.P., Smith, K.A. & Sarofim, >> A.F. (2000), 'Presence of chlorine radicals and formation of molecular >> chlorine in the post-flame region of chlorocarbon combustion', >> Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 34, No. 21, pp. 4565-4570. >> >> Rappe, C., Andersson, R., Bergqvist, P.A., Brohede, C., Hansson, M., >> Kjeller, L.O., Lindström, G., Marklund, S., Nygren, M., Swanson, S.E., >> Tysklind, M. & Wiberg, K. (1987), 'Sources and relative importance of >> PCDD and PCDF emissions', Waste Manage. Res., Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 225-237. >> >> Rappe, C., Kjeller, L.O., Bruckmann, P. & Hackhe, K.H. (1988), >> 'Identification and quantification of PCDDs and PCDFs in urban air', >> Chemosphere, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 3-20 >> >> Salthammer, T., Klipp, H., Peek, R.D. & Marutzky, R. (1995) 'Formation of >> polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated >> dibenzofurans (PCDF) during the combustion of impregnated wood', >> Chemosphere, Vol. 30, No. 11, pp. 2051-2060. >> >> Schwind, K.H. (1991), 'Emission halogenierter dibenzodioxine (PXDD) und >> dibenzofurane (PXDF) aus verbrennungsmotoren', UWSF-Z. Umweltchem. >> Oekotox., Vol. 3, pp. 291-298. >> >> Sedlak, D., Dumler-Gradl, R., Thoma, H. & Vierle, O. (1998), >> 'Polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the exhaust air >> during textile processing', Chemosphere, Vol. 37, No. 9-12, pp. >> 2071-2076. >> >> Sjögren, M., Li, H., Banner, C., Rafter, J., Westerholm, R. & Rannug, U. >> (1996), 'Influence of physical and chemical characteristics of diesel >> fuels and exhaust emissions on biological effects of particle extracts: a >> multivariate statistical analysis of ten diesel fuels', Chemical Research >> in Toxicology, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 197-207. >> >> Smit, R., Ormerod, R. & Bridge, I. (2002a), 'Vehicle emission models and >> their application - Emission inventories', Clean Air and Environmental >> Quality, CASANZ, Australia, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 30-34. >> >> Smit, R., Bawden, K. & Ormerod, R. (2002b), 'Speciated hydrocarbon >> emissions from road traffic', Proceedings of the 16th Clean Air and >> Environment Conference, CASANZ, Christchurch, New Zealand, 19-22 August >> 2002, pp. 746-757. >> >> Sommer, S., Kamps, R. & Kleinermanns, K. (1996), 'Photooxidation of >> exhaust pollutants', Chemosphere, Vol. 33, No. 11, pp. 2221-2227. >> >> Soontjes, C.D., Holmberg, K., Westerholm, R.N. & Rafter, J.J. (1997), >> 'Characterisation of polycyclic aromatic compounds in diesel exhaust >> particulate extract responsible for aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity', >> Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 219-225. >> >> Sweetman, A.J., Alcock, R.E., Wittsiepe, J. & Jones, K.C. (2000), 'Human >> exposure to PCDD/Fs in the UK: the development of a modelling approach to >> give historical and future perspectives', Environment International, Vol. >> 26, pp. 37-47. >> >> Takenaka, H., Zhang, K., Diaz-Sanchez, D., Tsien, A. & Saxon, A. (1995), >> 'Enhanced human IgE production results from exposure to the aromatic >> hydrocarbons from diesel exhaust: direct effects on B-cell IgE >> production', Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 95, No. 1, >> Part 1, Jan 1995, pp. 103-115. >> >> Tejima, H., Nakagawa, I., Shinoda, T. & Maeda, I. (1996), 'PCDDs/PCDFs >> rduction by good combustion technology and fabric filter with/without >> activated carbon injection', Chemosphere, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 169-175. >> >> Travis, C.C. & Hattemer-Frey, H.A. (1991), 'Human exposure to dioxin', >> The Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 104, No. 1-2, pp. 97-127. >> >> UNEP (1999), 'Dioxin and Furan Inventories - National and Regional >> Emissions of PCDD/PCDF', UNEP Chemicals, Geneva, Switzerland, United >> Nations Environment Programme, May 1999. >> >> US EPA (2000), 'Draft Dioxin Reassessment', United States Environmental >> Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, >> http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/part1and2.cfm?ActType= default. >> >> Vainio, H., Hesso, A. & Jappinen, P. (1989), 'Chlorinated dioxins and >> dibenzofurans in the environment - a hazard to public health', Scand J >> Work Environ Health, Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 377-382. >> >> Van den Berg, M., Birnbaum, L., Bosveld, A.T.C., Brunström, B., Cook, P., >> Freeley, M., Giesy, P., Hanberg, A., Hasegawa, R., Kennedy, S.W., Kubiak, >> T., Larsen, J.C., Van Leeuwen, F.X.R., Liem, A.K.D., Nolt, C., Peterson, >> R.E., Poellinger, L., Safe, S., Schrenk, D., Tillit, D., Tyskild, M., >> Younes, M., Waern, F. & Zacharewski, T. (1998), 'Toxic Equivalency >> Factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife', >> Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 106, No. 12, pp. 775-792. >> >> Westerholm, R. & Egebäck, K.E. (1994), 'Exhaust emissions from light-duty >> and heavy-duty vehicles: chemical composition, impact of exhaust after >> treatment and fuel parameters', Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. >> 102, Supplement 4, pp. 13-23. >> >> Westerholm, R. Christensen, A., Törnqvist, M., Ehrenberg, L., Rannug, U., >> Sjögren, M., Rafter, J., Soontjes, C., Almén, J. & Grägg, K. (2001), >> 'Comparison of exhaust emissions from Swedish environmental classified >> diesel fuel (MK1) and European Program on emissions, fuels and engine >> technologies (EPEFE) reference fuel: a chemical and biological >> characterization, with viewpoints on cancer risks', Environmental Science >> & Technology, Vol. 35, No. 9, pp. 1748-1754. >> >> Wevers, M., De Fré, R. & Rymen, T. (1992), 'Dioxins and dibenzofurans in >> tunnel air', Dioxin '92, Organohalogen Compounds, Vol. 9, pp. 321-324. >> >> Vierle, O., Launhardt, T., Strehler, A., Dumler-Gradl, R., Thoma, H. & >> Schreiner, M. (1999), Investigation of organic pollutants from house >> heating systems using biogenic fuels and correlations with other exhaust >> gas components, Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 393, pp. 131-140. >> >> WHO (1998), 'Assessment of the Health Risk of Dioxins: Re-evaluation of >> the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) - Executive Summary', WHO European >> Centre for Environment and Health, WHO Consultation, Geneva, Switzerland, >> May 25-29 1998, >> http://www.who.int/pcs/docs/dioxin-exec-sum/exe-sum-final.html. >> >> Wichmann, H., Lorenz, W. & Bahadir, M. (1995), 'Release of PCDD/F and PAH >> during vehicle fires in traffic tunnels', Chemosphere, Vol. 31, No. 2, >> pp. 2755-2766. >> >> Zhang, Y., Stedman, D.H., Bishop, G.A., Guenther, P.L. & Beaton, S.P. >> (1995), 'Worldwide on-road vehicle exhaust emissions study by remote >> sensing', Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 29, No. 9, pp. 2286-2294. >> >> >> >> >>> >>> I do not have the figures to hand, >> >> Now you do. > > **No, I do not. I do have a bunch of references to publications I do not > possess, however. If you have the actual data, then please present it.
Get your nurse to teach you about LIBRARYs. I'm not in the business to educate every dumb fuck with an internet account.
> >> >>> but I would wager >> >> How much? > > **Figure of speech. I don't actually gamble.
Nor think. Figures.
> >> >>> that there is sufficient O2 left and insufficient CO2, after combustion, >>> to suffocate a human. I reiterate: I do not have any data to support >>> this argument. >> >> Try it. >> Have someone else document it. > > **Let's see the data.
Try it. Have someone else document it. Heaps of data; one dead dickhead.
> I won't be sticking my mouth anywhere near a cigarette, or an exhaust > pipe, anytime soon.
Pity.
> Both emit far too much toxic crap. Only complete morons stick their mouths > near exhaust pipes and cigarettes.
Or in your case, cocks. You can die of AIDS you know?
Mark Addinall.
> > > -- > Trevor Wilson > www.rageaudio.com.au >
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 | | From: | Trevor Wilson | | Subject: | Re: Smoke bans at the beach | | Date: | Mon, 24 Jan 2005 17:03:58 +1100 |
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 | "Mark Addinall" wrote in message news:M20Jd.131733$K7.66237@news-server.bigpond.net.au... > > > > Get your nurse to teach you about LIBRARYs. I'm not in the > business to educate every dumb fuck with an internet account.
**Then can't supply the data. I thought so.
> >> >>> >>>> but I would wager >>> >>> How much? >> >> **Figure of speech. I don't actually gamble. > > Nor think. Figures. > >> >>> >>>> that there is sufficient O2 left and insufficient CO2, after >>>> combustion, to suffocate a human. I reiterate: I do not have any data >>>> to support this argument. >>> >>> Try it. >>> Have someone else document it. >> >> **Let's see the data. > > Try it. > Have someone else document it. > Heaps of data; one dead dickhead.
**And yet, you can't supply it.
> > >> I won't be sticking my mouth anywhere near a cigarette, or an exhaust >> pipe, anytime soon. > > Pity. > >> Both emit far too much toxic crap. Only complete morons stick their >> mouths near exhaust pipes and cigarettes. > > Or in your case, cocks. You can die of AIDS you know?
**Me? Not a chance. Not unless I get a dodgy blood transfusion, sometime down the track. Keep sucking on the cigarettes though. It merely confirms just how dumb some, seemingly intelligent people can actually be.
-- Trevor Wilson www.rageaudio.com.au
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